Consultation (Shura) in Organisational Practices

Assesses the integration of meaningful consultation (Shura) in decision-making, a core leadership duty (amānah). This ensures decisions reflect the public interest (maṣlaḥah) and uphold justice (ʿadl), building stakeholder trust and improving organizational effectiveness and accountability. Note: Shura is a consultative governance mechanism and does not override the legal decision-making rights of trustees/directors, but informs them; for membership bodies, it complements voting rights, while for service charities, it prioritises beneficiary voice.