Robust accounting system
This criterion assesses whether the organization has implemented a reliable, secure, and appropriate accounting system that accurately records all financial transactions and produces timely financial reports. A robust accounting system is fundamental to financial management, transparency, and accountability. Scope includes system configuration, access/security, audit trails, period controls, journal workflows, reconciliations support, and interface/import controls. Budgeting/forecasting and strategic performance reporting are assessed only insofar as they are generated from the accounting system.
Kitābah
The Islamic principle of financial transparency through the documentation of debts and contracts.
Dīwān
The state treasury and registry established by Caliph 'Umar ibn al-Khattāb to manage state finances and ensure accountability.
Sadd al-dharā’iʿ
Segregation of duties, prior-period locks, and exception monitoring block pathways to error and fraud, fulfilling amānah. Qur'an 26:181–183 prohibits shortchanging and corruption; operationalised through reconciliations and audit trails.
Al-kharāj bil-ḍamān
Liability accompanies benefit: whoever benefits from stewardship bears responsibility—trustees/management must own and evidence system controls (access, close, DR) as part of amānah.
Ḥisbah
The Islamic principle of accountability and ensuring public good. A robust accounting system is the primary internal tool for an organization to practice Ḥisbah, ensuring its financial dealings are transparent, fair, and auditable.
Iḥsān
The concept of excellence in all actions. A state-of-the-art, secure, and transparent accounting system that goes beyond mere compliance to provide strategic value is a manifestation of Iḥsān in financial stewardship. Excellence (iḥsān) is prescribed in all matters (Sahih Muslim 1955); striving for secure, real-time and transparent accounting exemplifies iḥsān in stewardship.
Ḥifẓ al-māl
Ḥifẓ al-māl (protection of wealth): Controls like access governance, reconciliations, and audit trails operationalise the protection of donors’ and beneficiaries’ wealth.
Tawakkul
Trust in Allah accompanied by taking the necessary means (asbāb). Implementing robust controls (backups, MFA) is the 'tying of the camel' required before reliance.
Related Criteria
Discussion (1)
📋 **Version updated: 1.0.0 → 2.9.7** **Changes:** Updated islamic_references from mizan-297.json
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